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Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease that stops someone from producing insulin, which is used to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. If the levels aren’t regulated properly all manner of complications such as cardiovascular disease and seizures can occur. While there is unfortunately no known cure for the disorder or any way to prevent it, there are ways of managing the condition.

Insulin replacement therapy is the most widely used treatment – since the body can’t create its own insulin biosynthetic insulin is used instead. This insulin is usually injected, although it can be pumped or inhaled. These last two options are much more expensive than simply injecting and so aren’t used as much. As well as insulin replacement, diabetes sufferers may also carb count, which allows them to keep track of the amount of glucose in their bloodstream.

A pancreas transplant can be used in extreme cases such as if a diabetic has very unstable blood sugar levels, but it is not ideal for most patients. Firstly there are a shortage of pancreases donors, but also it is an expensive treatment and it is more dangerous for the patient because of the need to take immunosuppressive drugs.

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Another type of transplant treatment that is currently being researched is islet cell transplantation. It’s a lot less invasive than full on pancreas transplantation as it only involves taking donor islet cells and injecting them into the diabetic’s liver, helping them to make insulin for themselves. Just like for pancreas transplants however, the patient will still need to take immunosuppressive drugs, making it unsuitable for some people.

Research into new treatments provides an exciting glimpse of what may be possible in the future. Other areas of research – such as how the autoantigen GAD65 can delay the destruction of beta cells when administered within 6 months of a patient being diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, suggests that one day a way to prevent the condition may even be developed.

More diabetes type 1 treatments are available on the NHS.

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